KNOHadronization.cxx

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//____________________________________________________________________________
/*
 Copyright (c) 2003-2019, The GENIE Collaboration
 For the full text of the license visit http://copyright.genie-mc.org
 or see $GENIE/LICENSE

 Author: Costas Andreopoulos  <costas.andreopoulos \at stfc.ac.uk>
         University of Liverpool & STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab

         Hugh Gallagher <gallag \at minos.phy.tufts.edu>
         Tufts University

         Tinjun Yang <tjyang \at stanford.edu>
         Stanford University

         Strange baryon production, and adjusted hadronic shower production
         to conserve strangeness, and to continue balancing charge and
         maintaining correct multiplicity was implemented by Keith Hofmann
         and Hugh Gallagher (Tufts)

         Production of etas was added by Ji Liu (W&M)

         Changes required to implement the GENIE Boosted Dark Matter module
         were installed by Josh Berger (Univ. of Wisconsin)
*/
//____________________________________________________________________________

#include <cstdlib>

#include <RVersion.h>
#include <TSystem.h>
#include <TLorentzVector.h>
#include <TClonesArray.h>
#include <TH1D.h>
#include <TMath.h>
#include <TF1.h>
#include <TROOT.h>

#include "Framework/Algorithm/AlgConfigPool.h"
#include "Framework/Algorithm/AlgFactory.h"
#include "Framework/Conventions/Constants.h"
#include "Framework/Conventions/Controls.h"
#include "Framework/GHEP/GHepStatus.h"
#include "Framework/GHEP/GHepParticle.h"
#include "Framework/GHEP/GHepRecord.h"
#include "Framework/GHEP/GHepFlags.h" 
#include "Framework/EventGen/EVGThreadException.h"
#include "Physics/Decay/Decayer.h"
#include "Physics/Hadronization/KNOHadronization.h"
#include "Framework/Interaction/Interaction.h"
#include "Framework/Messenger/Messenger.h"
#include "Framework/Numerical/RandomGen.h"
//#include "Framework/Numerical/Spline.h"
#include "Framework/ParticleData/PDGLibrary.h"
#include "Framework/ParticleData/PDGCodeList.h"
#include "Framework/ParticleData/PDGCodes.h"
#include "Framework/ParticleData/PDGUtils.h"
#include "Framework/Utils/KineUtils.h"
#include "Framework/Utils/PrintUtils.h"

using namespace genie;
using namespace genie::constants;
using namespace genie::controls;
using namespace genie::utils::print;

//____________________________________________________________________________
KNOHadronization::KNOHadronization() :
EventRecordVisitorI("genie::KNOHadronization")
{
  fBaryonXFpdf  = 0;
  fBaryonPT2pdf = 0;
//fKNO          = 0;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
KNOHadronization::KNOHadronization(string config) :
EventRecordVisitorI("genie::KNOHadronization", config)
{
  fBaryonXFpdf  = 0;
  fBaryonPT2pdf = 0;
//fKNO          = 0;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
KNOHadronization::~KNOHadronization()
{
  if (fBaryonXFpdf ) delete fBaryonXFpdf;
  if (fBaryonPT2pdf) delete fBaryonPT2pdf;
//if (fKNO         ) delete fKNO;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
// HadronizationModelI interface implementation:
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::Initialize(void) const
{

}
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::ProcessEventRecord(GHepRecord * event) const {

  Interaction * interaction = event->Summary();
  TClonesArray * particle_list = this->Hadronize(interaction);

  if(! particle_list ) {
    LOG("KNOHadronization", pWARN) << "Got an empty particle list. Hadronizer failed!";
    LOG("KNOHadronization", pWARN) << "Quitting the current event generation thread";
    
    event->EventFlags()->SetBitNumber(kHadroSysGenErr, true);
    
    genie::exceptions::EVGThreadException exception;
    exception.SetReason("Could not simulate the hadronic system");
    exception.SwitchOnFastForward();
    throw exception;
    
    return;
  }

  int mom = event->FinalStateHadronicSystemPosition();
  assert(mom!=-1);

  // find the proper status for the particles we are going to put in event record
  bool is_nucleus = interaction->InitState().Tgt().IsNucleus();
  GHepStatus_t istfin = (is_nucleus) ?
    kIStHadronInTheNucleus : kIStStableFinalState ;

  // retrieve the hadronic blob lorentz boost
  // Because Hadronize() returned particles not in the LAB reference frame
  const TLorentzVector * had_syst = event -> Particle(mom) -> P4() ;
  TVector3 boost = had_syst -> BoostVector() ;

  GHepParticle * neutrino  = event->Probe();
  const TLorentzVector & vtx = *(neutrino->X4());

  GHepParticle * particle = 0;
  TIter particle_iter(particle_list);
  while ((particle = (GHepParticle *) particle_iter.Next()))  {

    int pdgc = particle -> Pdg() ;

    //  bring the particle in the LAB reference frame
    particle -> P4() -> Boost( boost ) ;

    // set the proper status according to a number of things:
    // interaction on a nucleaus or nucleon, particle type
    GHepStatus_t ist = ( particle -> Status() ==1 ) ? istfin : kIStDISPreFragmHadronicState;

    // handle gammas, and leptons that might come from internal pythia decays
    // mark them as final state particles
    bool not_hadron = ( pdgc == kPdgGamma ||
                        pdg::IsNeutralLepton(pdgc) ||
                        pdg::IsChargedLepton(pdgc) ) ;

    if(not_hadron)  { ist = kIStStableFinalState; }
    particle -> SetStatus( ist ) ;

    int im  = mom + 1 + particle -> FirstMother() ;
  //int ifc = ( particle -> FirstDaughter() == -1) ? -1 : mom + 1 + particle -> FirstDaughter();
  //int ilc = ( particle -> LastDaughter()  == -1) ? -1 : mom + 1 + particle -> LastDaughter();

    particle -> SetFirstMother( im ) ;

    particle -> SetPosition( vtx ) ;

    event->AddParticle(*particle);
  }

  delete particle_list ; 

  // update the weight of the event
  event -> SetWeight ( Weight() * event->Weight() );

}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TClonesArray * KNOHadronization::Hadronize(
                                        const Interaction * interaction) const
{
// Generate the hadronic system in a neutrino interaction using a KNO-based
// model.

  if(!this->AssertValidity(interaction)) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Returning a null particle list!";
     return 0;
  }
  fWeight=1;

  double W = utils::kinematics::W(interaction);
  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "W = " << W << " GeV";

  //-- Select hadronic shower particles
  PDGCodeList * pdgcv = this->SelectParticles(interaction);

  if(!pdgcv) {
    LOG("KNOHad", pNOTICE)
        << "Failed selecting particles for " << *interaction;
    return 0;
  }

  //-- Decay the hadronic final state
  //   Two strategies are considered (for N particles):
  //   1- N (>=2) particles get passed to the phase space decayer. This is the
  //      old NeuGEN strategy.
  //   2- decay strategy adopted at the July-2006 hadronization model mini-workshop
  //      (C.Andreopoulos, H.Gallagher, P.Kehayias, T.Yang)
  //      The generated baryon P4 gets selected from from experimental xF and  pT^2
  //      distributions and the remaining N-1 particles are passed to the phase space
  //      decayer, with P4 = P4(Sum_Hadronic) - P4(Baryon).
  //      For N=2, generate a phase space decay and keep the solution according to its
  //      likelihood calculated based on the baryon xF and pT pdfs. Especially for N=2
  //      keep the option of using simple phase space decay with reweighting switched
  //      off (for consistency with the neugen/daikon version).
  //
  TClonesArray * particle_list = 0;
  bool reweight_decays = fReWeightDecays;
  if(fUseBaryonXfPt2Param) {
    bool use_isotropic_decay = (pdgcv->size()==2 && fUseIsotropic2BDecays);
    if(use_isotropic_decay) {
       particle_list = this->DecayMethod1(W,*pdgcv,false);
    } else {
       particle_list = this->DecayMethod2(W,*pdgcv,reweight_decays);
    }
  } else {
   particle_list = this->DecayMethod1(W,*pdgcv,reweight_decays);
  }

  if(!particle_list) {
    LOG("KNOHad", pNOTICE)
        << "Failed decaying a hadronic system @ W=" << W
        << "with  multiplicity=" << pdgcv->size();

    // clean-up and exit
    delete pdgcv;
    return 0;
  }

  //-- Handle unstable particle decays (if requested)
  this->HandleDecays(particle_list);

  //-- The container 'owns' its elements
  particle_list->SetOwner(true);

  delete pdgcv;

  return particle_list;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
PDGCodeList * KNOHadronization::SelectParticles(
                                       const Interaction * interaction) const
{
  if(!this->AssertValidity(interaction)) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Returning a null particle list!";
     return 0;
  }

  unsigned int min_mult = 2;
  unsigned int mult     = 0;
  PDGCodeList * pdgcv   = 0;

  double W = utils::kinematics::W(interaction);

  //-- Get the charge that the hadron shower needs to have so as to
  //   conserve charge in the interaction
  int maxQ = this->HadronShowerCharge(interaction);
  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "Hadron Shower Charge = " << maxQ;

   //-- Build the multiplicity probabilities for the input interaction
  LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Building Multiplicity Probability distribution";
  LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << *interaction;
  Option_t * opt = "+LowMultSuppr+Renormalize";
  TH1D * mprob = this->MultiplicityProb(interaction,opt);

  if(!mprob) {
    LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Null multiplicity probability distribution!";
    return 0;
  }
  if(mprob->Integral("width")<=0) {
    LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Empty multiplicity probability distribution!";
    delete mprob;
    return 0;
  }

  //----- FIND AN ALLOWED SOLUTION FOR THE HADRONIC FINAL STATE

  bool allowed_state=false;
  unsigned int itry = 0;

  while(!allowed_state)
  {
    itry++;

    //-- Go in error if a solution has not been found after many attempts
    if(itry>kMaxKNOHadSystIterations) {
       LOG("KNOHad", pERROR)
         << "Couldn't select hadronic shower particles after: "
         << itry << " attempts!";
       delete mprob;
       return 0;
    }

    //-- Generate a hadronic multiplicity
    mult = TMath::Nint( mprob->GetRandom() );

    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "Hadron multiplicity  = " << mult;

    //-- Check that the generated multiplicity is consistent with the charge
    //   that the hadronic shower is required to have - else retry
    if(mult < (unsigned int) TMath::Abs(maxQ)) {
       LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
        << "Multiplicity not enough to generate hadronic charge! Retrying.";
      allowed_state = false;
      continue;
    }

    //-- Force a min multiplicity
    //   This should never happen if the multiplicity probability distribution
    //   was properly built
    if(mult < min_mult) {
      if(fForceMinMult) {
        LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
           << "Low generated multiplicity: " << mult
           << ". Forcing to minimum accepted multiplicity: " << min_mult;
        mult = min_mult;
      } else {
        LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
           << "Generated multiplicity: " << mult << " is too low! Quitting";
        delete mprob;
        return 0;
      }
    }

    //-- Determine what kind of particles we have in the final state
    pdgcv = this->GenerateHadronCodes(mult, maxQ, W);

    LOG("KNOHad", pNOTICE)
         << "Generated multiplicity (@ W = " << W << "): " << pdgcv->size();

    // muliplicity might have been forced to smaller value if the invariant
    // mass of the hadronic system was not sufficient
    mult = pdgcv->size(); // update for potential change

    // is it an allowed decay?
    double msum=0;
    vector<int>::const_iterator pdg_iter;
    for(pdg_iter = pdgcv->begin(); pdg_iter != pdgcv->end(); ++pdg_iter) {
      int pdgc = *pdg_iter;
      double m = PDGLibrary::Instance()->Find(pdgc)->Mass();

      msum += m;
      LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "- PDGC=" << pdgc << ", m=" << m << " GeV";
    }
    bool permitted = (W > msum);

    if(!permitted) {
       LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "*** Decay forbidden by kinematics! ***";
       LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "sum{mass} = " << msum << ", W = " << W;
       LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Discarding hadronic system & re-trying!";
       delete pdgcv;
       allowed_state = false;
       continue;
    }

    allowed_state = true;

    LOG("KNOHad", pNOTICE)
        << "Found an allowed hadronic state @ W=" << W
        << " multiplicity=" << mult;

  } // attempts

  delete mprob;

  return pdgcv;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TH1D * KNOHadronization::MultiplicityProb(
                        const Interaction * interaction, Option_t * opt) const
{
// Returns a multiplicity probability distribution for the input interaction.
// The input option (Default: "") can contain (combinations) of these strings:
//  - "+LowMultSuppr": applies NeuGEN Rijk factors suppresing the low multipl.
//    (1-pion and 2-pion) states as part of the DIS/RES joining scheme.
//  - "+Renormalize": renormalizes the probability distribution after applying
//    the NeuGEN scaling factors: Eg, when used as a hadronic multiplicity pdf
//    the output hadronic multiplicity probability histogram needs to be re-
//    normalized. But, when this method is called from a DIS cross section
//    algorithm using the integrated probability reduction as a cross section
//    section reduction factor then the output histogram should not be re-
//    normalized after applying the scaling factors.

  if(!this->AssertValidity(interaction)) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
       << "Returning a null multiplicity probability distribution!";
     return 0;
  }

  const InitialState & init_state = interaction->InitState();
  int nu_pdg  = init_state.ProbePdg();
  int nuc_pdg = init_state.Tgt().HitNucPdg();

  // Compute the average charged hadron multiplicity as: <n> = a + b*ln(W^2)
  // Calculate avergage hadron multiplicity (= 1.5 x charged hadron mult.)

  double W     = utils::kinematics::W(interaction);
  double avnch = this->AverageChMult(nu_pdg, nuc_pdg, W);
  double avn   = 1.5*avnch;

  SLOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
      << "Average hadronic multiplicity (W=" << W << ") = " << avn;

  // Find the max possible multiplicity as W = Mneutron + (maxmult-1)*Mpion
  double maxmult = this->MaxMult(interaction);

  // If required force the NeuGEN maximum multiplicity limit (10)
  // Note: use for NEUGEN/GENIE comparisons, not physics MC production
  if(fForceNeuGenLimit && maxmult>10) maxmult=10;

  // Set maximum multiplicity so that it does not exceed the max number of
  // particles accepted by the ROOT phase space decayer (18)
  // Change this if ROOT authors remove the TGenPhaseSpace limitation.
  if(maxmult>18) maxmult=18;

  SLOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Computed maximum multiplicity = " << maxmult;

  if(maxmult<2) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Low maximum multiplicity! Quiting.";
     return 0;
  }

  // Create multiplicity probability histogram
  TH1D * mult_prob = this->CreateMultProbHist(maxmult);

  // Compute the multiplicity probabilities values up to the bin corresponding
  // to the computed maximum multiplicity

  if(maxmult>2) {
    int nbins = mult_prob->FindBin(maxmult);

    for(int i = 1; i <= nbins; i++) {
       // KNO distribution is <n>*P(n) vs n/<n>
       double n    = mult_prob->GetBinCenter(i);  // bin centre
       double z    = n/avn;                       // z=n/<n>
       double avnP = this->KNO(nu_pdg,nuc_pdg,z); // <n>*P(n)
       double P    = avnP / avn;                  // P(n)

       SLOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
          << "n = " << n << " (n/<n> = " << z
          << ", <n>*P = " << avnP << ") => P = " << P;

       mult_prob->Fill(n,P);
    }
  } else {
       SLOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Fixing multiplicity to 2";
       mult_prob->Fill(2,1.);
  }

  double integral = mult_prob->Integral("width");
  if(integral>0) {
    // Normalize the probability distribution
    mult_prob->Scale(1.0/integral);
  } else {
    SLOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "probability distribution integral = 0";
    return mult_prob;
  }

  string option(opt);

  bool apply_neugen_Rijk = option.find("+LowMultSuppr") != string::npos;
  bool renormalize       = option.find("+Renormalize")  != string::npos;

  // Apply the NeuGEN probability scaling factors -if requested-
  if(apply_neugen_Rijk) {
    SLOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "Applying NeuGEN scaling factors";
     // Only do so for W<Wcut
     if(W<fWcut) {
       this->ApplyRijk(interaction, renormalize, mult_prob);
     } else {
        SLOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
              << "W = " << W << " < Wcut = " << fWcut
                                << " - Will not apply scaling factors";
     }//<wcut?
  }//apply?

  return mult_prob;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::Weight(void) const
{
  return fWeight;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
// methods overloading the default Algorithm interface implementation:
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::Configure(const Registry & config)
{
  EventRecordVisitorI::Configure(config);
  this->LoadConfig();
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::Configure(string config)
{
  EventRecordVisitorI::Configure(config);
  this->LoadConfig();
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
// private methods:
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::LoadConfig(void)
{
  // Force decays of unstable hadronization products?
  //GetParamDef( "ForceDecays", fForceDecays, false ) ;

  // Force minimum multiplicity (if generated less than that) or abort?
  GetParamDef( "ForceMinMultiplicity", fForceMinMult, true ) ;

  // Generate the baryon xF and pT^2 using experimental data as PDFs?
  // In this case, only the N-1 other particles would be fed into the phase
  // space decayer. This seems to improve hadronic system features such as
  // bkw/fwd xF hemisphere average multiplicities.
  // Note: not in the legacy KNO model (NeuGEN). Switch this feature off for
  // comparisons or for reproducing old simulations.
  GetParam( "KNO-UseBaryonPdfs-xFpT2", fUseBaryonXfPt2Param ) ;

  // Reweight the phase space decayer events to reproduce the experimentally
  // measured pT^2 distributions.
  // Note: not in the legacy KNO model (NeuGEN). Switch this feature off for
  // comparisons or for reproducing old simulations.
  GetParam( "KNO-PhaseSpDec-Reweight", fReWeightDecays ) ;

  // Parameter for phase space re-weighting. See ReWeightPt2()
  GetParam( "KNO-PhaseSpDec-ReweightParm", fPhSpRwA ) ;

  // use isotropic non-reweighted 2-body phase space decays for consistency
  // with neugen/daikon
  GetParam( "KNO-UseIsotropic2BodyDec", fUseIsotropic2BDecays ) ;

  // Generated weighted or un-weighted hadronic systems?
  GetParamDef( "GenerateWeighted", fGenerateWeighted, false ) ;


  // Probabilities for producing hadron pairs

  //-- pi0 pi0
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbPi0Pi0", fPpi0 ) ;
  //-- pi+ pi-
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbPiplusPiminus", fPpic ) ;
  //-- K+  K-
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbKplusKminus", fPKc ) ;
  //-- K0 K0bar
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbK0K0bar", fPK0 ) ;
  //-- pi0 eta
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbPi0Eta", fPpi0eta ) ;
  //-- eta eta
  GetParam( "KNO-ProbEtaEta", fPeta ) ;

  double fsum = fPeta + fPpi0eta + fPK0 + fPKc + fPpic + fPpi0;
  double diff = TMath::Abs(1.-fsum);
  if(diff>0.001) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "KNO Probabilities do not sum to unity! Renormalizing..." ;
     fPpi0 = fPpi0/fsum;
     fPpic = fPpic/fsum;
     fPKc  = fPKc/fsum;
     fPK0 = fPK0/fsum;
     fPpi0eta = fPpi0eta/fsum;
     fPeta = fPeta/fsum;
  }


  // Baryon pT^2 and xF parameterizations used as PDFs

  if (fBaryonXFpdf ) delete fBaryonXFpdf;
  if (fBaryonPT2pdf) delete fBaryonPT2pdf;

  fBaryonXFpdf  = new TF1("fBaryonXFpdf",
                   "0.083*exp(-0.5*pow(x+0.385,2.)/0.131)",-1,0.5);
  fBaryonPT2pdf = new TF1("fBaryonPT2pdf",
                   "exp(-0.214-6.625*x)",0,0.6);
  // stop ROOT from deleting these object of its own volition
  gROOT->GetListOfFunctions()->Remove(fBaryonXFpdf);
  gROOT->GetListOfFunctions()->Remove(fBaryonPT2pdf);


  // Load parameters determining the average charged hadron multiplicity
  GetParam( "KNO-Alpha-vp",  fAvp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Alpha-vn",  fAvn ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Alpha-vbp", fAvbp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Alpha-vbn", fAvbn ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Beta-vp",   fBvp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Beta-vn",   fBvn ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Beta-vbp",  fBvbp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Beta-vbn",  fBvbn ) ;

  // Load parameters determining the prob of producing a strange baryon
  // via associated production
  GetParam( "KNO-Alpha-Hyperon", fAhyperon ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-Beta-Hyperon",  fBhyperon ) ;

  // Load the Levy function parameter
  GetParam( "KNO-LevyC-vp", fCvp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-LevyC-vn", fCvn ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-LevyC-vbp", fCvbp ) ;
  GetParam( "KNO-LevyC-vbn", fCvbn ) ;

  // Check whether to generate weighted or unweighted particle decays
  fGenerateWeighted = false ;
  //this->GetParam("GenerateWeighted", fGenerateWeighted, false);{

  // Load Wcut determining the phase space area where the multiplicity prob.
  // scaling factors would be applied -if requested-
  this->GetParam( "Wcut", fWcut ) ;

  // Load NEUGEN multiplicity probability scaling parameters Rijk
  // neutrinos
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vp-CC-m2",  fRvpCCm2  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vp-CC-m3",  fRvpCCm3  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vp-NC-m2",  fRvpNCm2  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vp-NC-m3",  fRvpNCm3  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vn-CC-m2",  fRvnCCm2  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vn-CC-m3",  fRvnCCm3  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vn-NC-m2",  fRvnNCm2  ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vn-NC-m3",  fRvnNCm3  ) ;
  //Anti-neutrinos
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbp-CC-m2", fRvbpCCm2 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbp-CC-m3", fRvbpCCm3 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbp-NC-m2", fRvbpNCm2 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbp-NC-m3", fRvbpNCm3 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbn-CC-m2", fRvbnCCm2 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbn-CC-m3", fRvbnCCm3 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbn-NC-m2", fRvbnNCm2 ) ;
  this->GetParam( "DIS-HMultWgt-vbn-NC-m3", fRvbnNCm3 ) ;


}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::KNO(int probe_pdg, int nuc_pdg, double z) const
{
// Computes <n>P(n) for the input reduced multiplicity z=n/<n>

  bool is_p     = pdg::IsProton           (nuc_pdg);
  bool is_n     = pdg::IsNeutron          (nuc_pdg);
  bool is_nu    = pdg::IsNeutrino         (probe_pdg);
  bool is_nubar = pdg::IsAntiNeutrino     (probe_pdg);
  bool is_l     = pdg::IsNegChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
  bool is_lbar  = pdg::IsPosChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
  // EDIT
  bool is_dm    = pdg::IsDarkMatter       (probe_pdg);

  double c=0; // Levy function parameter

  if      ( is_p && (is_nu    || is_l   ) ) c=fCvp;
  else if ( is_n && (is_nu    || is_l   ) ) c=fCvn;
  else if ( is_p && (is_nubar || is_lbar) ) c=fCvbp;
  else if ( is_n && (is_nubar || is_lbar) ) c=fCvbn;
  // EDIT: assume it's neutrino-like for now...
  else if ( is_p && is_dm )                 c=fCvp;
  else if ( is_n && is_dm )                 c=fCvn;
  else {
    LOG("KNOHad", pERROR)
     << "Invalid initial state (probe = " << probe_pdg << ", "
     << "hit nucleon = " << nuc_pdg << ")";
    return 0;
  }

  double x   = c*z+1;
  double kno = 2*TMath::Exp(-c)*TMath::Power(c,x)/TMath::Gamma(x);

  return kno;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::AverageChMult(
     int probe_pdg,int nuc_pdg, double W) const
{
// computes the average charged multiplicity
//
  bool is_p     = pdg::IsProton           (nuc_pdg);
  bool is_n     = pdg::IsNeutron          (nuc_pdg);
  bool is_nu    = pdg::IsNeutrino         (probe_pdg);
  bool is_nubar = pdg::IsAntiNeutrino     (probe_pdg);
  bool is_l     = pdg::IsNegChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
  bool is_lbar  = pdg::IsPosChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
  // EDIT
  bool is_dm    = pdg::IsDarkMatter       (probe_pdg);

  double a=0, b=0; // params controlling average multiplicity

  if      ( is_p && (is_nu    || is_l   ) ) { a=fAvp;  b=fBvp;  }
  else if ( is_n && (is_nu    || is_l   ) ) { a=fAvn;  b=fBvn;  }
  else if ( is_p && (is_nubar || is_lbar) ) { a=fAvbp; b=fBvbp; }
  else if ( is_n && (is_nubar || is_lbar) ) { a=fAvbn; b=fBvbn; }
  // EDIT: assume it's neutrino-like for now...
  else if ( is_p && is_dm )                 { a=fAvp;  b=fBvp;  }
  else if ( is_n && is_dm )                 { a=fAvn;  b=fBvn;  }
  else {
    LOG("KNOHad", pERROR)
      << "Invalid initial state (probe = " << probe_pdg << ", "
      << "hit nucleon = " << nuc_pdg << ")";
    return 0;
  }

  double av_nch = a + b * 2*TMath::Log(W);
  return av_nch;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
int KNOHadronization::HadronShowerCharge(const Interaction* interaction) const
{
// Returns the hadron shower charge in units of +e
// HadronShowerCharge = Q{initial} - Q{final state primary lepton}
// eg in v p -> l- X the hadron shower charge is +2
//    in v n -> l- X the hadron shower charge is +1
//    in v n -> v  X the hadron shower charge is  0
//
  int hadronShowerCharge = 0;

  // find out the charge of the final state lepton
  double ql = interaction->FSPrimLepton()->Charge() / 3.;

  // find out the charge of the probe
  double qp = interaction->InitState().Probe()->Charge() / 3.;

  // get the initial state, ask for the hit-nucleon and get
  // its charge ( = initial state charge for vN interactions)
  const InitialState & init_state = interaction->InitState();
  int hit_nucleon = init_state.Tgt().HitNucPdg();

  assert( pdg::IsProton(hit_nucleon) || pdg::IsNeutron(hit_nucleon) );

  // Ask PDGLibrary for the nucleon charge
  double qnuc = PDGLibrary::Instance()->Find(hit_nucleon)->Charge() / 3.;

  // calculate the hadron shower charge
  hadronShowerCharge = (int) ( qp + qnuc - ql );

  return hadronShowerCharge;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TClonesArray * KNOHadronization::DecayMethod1(
               double W, const PDGCodeList & pdgv, bool reweight_decays) const
{
// Simple phase space decay including all generated particles.
// The old NeuGEN decay strategy.

  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "** Using Hadronic System Decay method 1";

  TLorentzVector p4had(0,0,0,W);
  TClonesArray * plist = new TClonesArray("genie::GHepParticle", pdgv.size());

  // do the decay
  bool ok = this->PhaseSpaceDecay(*plist, p4had, pdgv, 0, reweight_decays);

  // clean-up and return NULL
  if(!ok) {
     plist->Delete();
     delete plist;
     return 0;
  }
  return plist;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TClonesArray * KNOHadronization::DecayMethod2(
               double W, const PDGCodeList & pdgv, bool reweight_decays) const
{
// Generate the baryon based on experimental pT^2 and xF distributions
// Then pass the remaining system of N-1 particles to a phase space decayer.
// The strategy adopted at the July-2006 hadronization model mini-workshop.

  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "** Using Hadronic System Decay method 2";

  // If only 2 particles are input then don't call the phase space decayer
  if(pdgv.size() == 2) return this->DecayBackToBack(W,pdgv);

  // Now handle the more general case:

  // Take the baryon
  int    baryon = pdgv[0];
  double MN     = PDGLibrary::Instance()->Find(baryon)->Mass();
  double MN2    = TMath::Power(MN, 2);

  // Check baryon code
  // ...

  // Strip the PDG list from the baryon
  bool allowdup = true;
  PDGCodeList pdgv_strip(pdgv.size()-1, allowdup);
  for(unsigned int i=1; i<pdgv.size(); i++) pdgv_strip[i-1] = pdgv[i];

  // Get the sum of all masses for the particles in the stripped list
  double mass_sum = 0;
  vector<int>::const_iterator pdg_iter = pdgv_strip.begin();
  for( ; pdg_iter != pdgv_strip.end(); ++pdg_iter) {
    int pdgc = *pdg_iter;
    mass_sum += PDGLibrary::Instance()->Find(pdgc)->Mass();
  }

  // Create the particle list
  TClonesArray * plist = new TClonesArray("genie::GHepParticle", pdgv.size());

  RandomGen * rnd = RandomGen::Instance();
  TLorentzVector p4had(0,0,0,W);
  TLorentzVector p4N  (0,0,0,0);
  TLorentzVector p4d;

  // generate the N 4-p independently

  bool got_baryon_4p  = false;
  bool got_hadsyst_4p = false;

  while(!got_hadsyst_4p) {

    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "Generating p4 for baryon with pdg = " << baryon;

    while(!got_baryon_4p) {

      //-- generate baryon xF and pT2
      double xf  = fBaryonXFpdf ->GetRandom();
      double pt2 = fBaryonPT2pdf->GetRandom();

      //-- generate baryon px,py,pz
      double pt  = TMath::Sqrt(pt2);
      double phi = (2*kPi) * rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
      double px  = pt * TMath::Cos(phi);
      double py  = pt * TMath::Sin(phi);
      double pz  = xf*W/2;
      double p2  = TMath::Power(pz,2) + pt2;
      double E   = TMath::Sqrt(p2+MN2);

      p4N.SetPxPyPzE(px,py,pz,E);

      LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Trying nucleon xF= "<< xf<< ", pT2= "<< pt2;

      //-- check whether there is phase space for the remnant N-1 system
      p4d = p4had-p4N; // 4-momentum vector for phase space decayer
      double Mav = p4d.Mag();

      got_baryon_4p = (Mav > mass_sum);

    } // baryon xf,pt2 seletion

    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
        << "Generated baryon with P4 = " << utils::print::P4AsString(&p4N);

    // Insert the baryon at the event record
    new ((*plist)[0]) GHepParticle(
      baryon,kIStStableFinalState, -1,-1,-1,-1,
      p4N.Px(),p4N.Py(),p4N.Pz(),p4N.Energy(), 0,0,0,0
    );

    // Do a phase space decay for the N-1 particles and add them to the list
    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
        << "Generating p4 for the remaining hadronic system";
    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
        << "Remaining system: Available mass = " << p4d.Mag()
        << ", Particle masses = " << mass_sum;

    bool is_ok = this->PhaseSpaceDecay(
                          *plist, p4d, pdgv_strip, 1, reweight_decays);

    got_hadsyst_4p = is_ok;

    if(!got_hadsyst_4p) {
      got_baryon_4p = false;
      plist->Delete();
    }
  }

  // clean-up and return NULL
  if(0) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pERROR) << "*** Decay forbidden by kinematics! ***";
     plist->Delete();
     delete plist;
     return 0;
  }
  return plist;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TClonesArray * KNOHadronization::DecayBackToBack(
                                     double W, const PDGCodeList & pdgv) const
{
// Handles a special case (only two particles) of the 2nd decay method
//

  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "Generating two particles back-to-back";

  assert(pdgv.size()==2);

  RandomGen * rnd = RandomGen::Instance();

  // Create the particle list
  TClonesArray * plist = new TClonesArray("genie::GHepParticle", pdgv.size());

  // Get xF,pT2 distribution (y-) maxima for the rejection method
  double xFo  = 1.1 * fBaryonXFpdf ->GetMaximum(-1,1);
  double pT2o = 1.1 * fBaryonPT2pdf->GetMaximum( 0,1);

  TLorentzVector p4(0,0,0,W); // 2-body hadronic system 4p

  // Do the 2-body decay
  bool accepted = false;
  while(!accepted) {

    // Find an allowed (unweighted) phase space decay for the 2 particles
    // and add them to the list
    bool ok = this->PhaseSpaceDecay(*plist, p4, pdgv, 0, false);

    // If the decay isn't allowed clean-up and return NULL
    if(!ok) {
      LOG("KNOHad", pERROR) << "*** Decay forbidden by kinematics! ***";
      plist->Delete();
      delete plist;
      return 0;
    }

    // If the decay was allowed, then compute the baryon xF,pT2 and accept/
    // reject the phase space decays so as to reproduce the xF,pT2 PDFs

    GHepParticle * baryon = (GHepParticle *) (*plist)[0];
    assert(pdg::IsNeutronOrProton(baryon->Pdg()));

    double px  = baryon->Px();
    double py  = baryon->Py();
    double pz  = baryon->Pz();

    double pT2 = px*px + py*py;
    double pL  = pz;
    double xF  = pL/(W/2);

    double pT2rnd = pT2o * rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
    double xFrnd  = xFo  * rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();

    double pT2pdf = fBaryonPT2pdf->Eval(pT2);
    double xFpdf  = fBaryonXFpdf ->Eval(xF );

    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "baryon xF = " << xF << ", pT2 = " << pT2;

    accepted = (xFrnd < xFpdf && pT2rnd < pT2pdf);

    LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << ((accepted) ? "Decay accepted":"Decay rejected");
  }
  return plist;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
bool KNOHadronization::PhaseSpaceDecay(
         TClonesArray & plist, TLorentzVector & pd,
                   const PDGCodeList & pdgv, int offset, bool reweight) const
{
// General method decaying the input particle system 'pdgv' with available 4-p
// given by 'pd'. The decayed system is used to populate the input GHepParticle
// array starting from the slot 'offset'.
//
  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "*** Performing a Phase Space Decay";
  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO) << "pT reweighting is " << (reweight ? "on" : "off");

  assert ( offset      >= 0);
  assert ( pdgv.size() >  1);

  // Get the decay product masses

  vector<int>::const_iterator pdg_iter;
  int i = 0;
  double * mass = new double[pdgv.size()];
  double   sum  = 0;
  for(pdg_iter = pdgv.begin(); pdg_iter != pdgv.end(); ++pdg_iter) {
    int pdgc = *pdg_iter;
    double m = PDGLibrary::Instance()->Find(pdgc)->Mass();
    mass[i++] = m;
    sum += m;
  }

  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
    << "Decaying N = " << pdgv.size() << " particles / total mass = " << sum;
  LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
    << "Decaying system p4 = " << utils::print::P4AsString(&pd);

  // Set the decay
  bool permitted = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.SetDecay(pd, pdgv.size(), mass);
  if(!permitted) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pERROR)
       << " *** Phase space decay is not permitted \n"
       << " Total particle mass = " << sum << "\n"
       << " Decaying system p4 = " << utils::print::P4AsString(&pd);

     // clean-up and return
     delete [] mass;
     return false;
  }

  // Get the maximum weight
  //double wmax = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.GetWtMax();
  double wmax = -1;
  for(int idec=0; idec<200; idec++) {
     double w = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.Generate();
     if(reweight) { w *= this->ReWeightPt2(pdgv); }
     wmax = TMath::Max(wmax,w);
  }
  assert(wmax>0);

  LOG("KNOHad", pNOTICE)
     << "Max phase space gen. weight @ current hadronic system: " << wmax;

  // Generate a weighted or unweighted decay

  RandomGen * rnd = RandomGen::Instance();

  if(fGenerateWeighted)
  {
    // *** generating weighted decays ***
    double w = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.Generate();
    if(reweight) { w *= this->ReWeightPt2(pdgv); }
    fWeight *= TMath::Max(w/wmax, 1.);
  }
  else
  {
    // *** generating un-weighted decays ***
     wmax *= 2.3;
     bool accept_decay=false;
     unsigned int itry=0;

     while(!accept_decay)
     {
       itry++;

       if(itry>kMaxUnweightDecayIterations) {
         // report, clean-up and return
         LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
             << "Couldn't generate an unweighted phase space decay after "
             << itry << " attempts";
         delete [] mass;
         return false;
       }

       double w  = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.Generate();
       if(reweight) { w *= this->ReWeightPt2(pdgv); }
       if(w > wmax) {
          LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
           << "Decay weight = " << w << " > max decay weight = " << wmax;
       }
       double gw = wmax * rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
       accept_decay = (gw<=w);

       LOG("KNOHad", pINFO)
          << "Decay weight = " << w << " / R = " << gw
          << " - accepted: " << accept_decay;

       bool return_after_not_accepted_decay = false;
       if(return_after_not_accepted_decay && !accept_decay) {
           LOG("KNOHad", pWARN)
             << "Was instructed to return after a not-accepted decay";
           delete [] mass;
           return false;
       }
     }
  }

  // Insert final state products into a TClonesArray of GHepParticle's

  i=0;
  for(pdg_iter = pdgv.begin(); pdg_iter != pdgv.end(); ++pdg_iter) {

     //-- current PDG code
     int pdgc = *pdg_iter;

     //-- get the 4-momentum of the i-th final state particle
     TLorentzVector * p4fin = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.GetDecay(i);

     new ( plist[offset+i] ) GHepParticle(
           pdgc,                 /* PDG Code                         */
           kIStStableFinalState, /* GHepStatus_t                     */
          -1,                    /* first mother particle            */
          -1,                    /* second mother particle           */
          -1,                    /* first daughter particle          */
          -1,                    /* last daughter particle           */
           p4fin->Px(),          /* 4-momentum: px component         */
           p4fin->Py(),          /* 4-momentum: py component         */
           p4fin->Pz(),          /* 4-momentum: pz component         */
           p4fin->Energy(),      /* 4-momentum: E  component         */
           0,                    /* production vertex 4-vector: vx   */
           0,                    /* production vertex 4-vector: vy   */
           0,                    /* production vertex 4-vector: vz   */
           0                     /* production vertex 4-vector: time */
        );
     i++;
  }

  // Clean-up
  delete [] mass;

  return true;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::ReWeightPt2(const PDGCodeList & pdgcv) const
{
// Phase Space Decay re-weighting to reproduce exp(-pT2/<pT2>) pion pT2
// distributions.
// See: A.B.Clegg, A.Donnachie, A Description of Jet Structure by pT-limited
// Phase Space.

  double w = 1;

  for(unsigned int i = 0; i < pdgcv.size(); i++) {

     //int pdgc = pdgcv[i];
     //if(pdgc!=kPdgPiP&&pdgc!=kPdgPiM) continue;

     TLorentzVector * p4 = fPhaseSpaceGenerator.GetDecay(i);
     double pt2 = TMath::Power(p4->Px(),2) + TMath::Power(p4->Py(),2);
     double wi  = TMath::Exp(-fPhSpRwA*TMath::Sqrt(pt2));
     //double wi = (9.41 * TMath::Landau(pt2,0.24,0.12));

     w *= wi;
  }
  return w;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
PDGCodeList * KNOHadronization::GenerateHadronCodes(
                                   int multiplicity, int maxQ, double W) const
{
// Selection of fragments (identical as in NeuGEN).

  // Get PDG library and rnd num generator
  PDGLibrary * pdg = PDGLibrary::Instance();
  RandomGen * rnd = RandomGen::Instance();

  // Create vector to add final state hadron PDG codes
  bool allowdup=true;
  PDGCodeList * pdgc = new PDGCodeList(allowdup);
  //pdgc->reserve(multiplicity);
  int hadrons_to_add = multiplicity;

  //
  // Assign baryon as p, n, Sigma+, Sigma- or Lambda
  //

  int baryon_code = this->GenerateBaryonPdgCode(multiplicity, maxQ, W);
  pdgc->push_back(baryon_code);

  bool baryon_is_strange = (baryon_code == kPdgSigmaP ||
                            baryon_code == kPdgLambda ||
                            baryon_code == kPdgSigmaM);
  bool baryon_chg_is_pos = (baryon_code == kPdgProton ||
                            baryon_code == kPdgSigmaP);
  bool baryon_chg_is_neg = (baryon_code == kPdgSigmaM);

  // Update number of hadrons to add, available shower charge & invariant mass
  if(baryon_chg_is_pos) maxQ -= 1;
  if(baryon_chg_is_neg) maxQ += 1;
  hadrons_to_add--;
  W -= pdg->Find( (*pdgc)[0] )->Mass();

  //
  // Assign remaining hadrons up to n = multiplicity
  //

  // Conserve strangeness
  if(baryon_is_strange) {
        LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
           << " Remnant baryon is strange. Conserving strangeness...";

        //conserve strangeness and handle charge imbalance with one particle
        if(multiplicity == 2) {
           if(maxQ == 1) {
              LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K+";
              pdgc->push_back( kPdgKP );

              // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
              maxQ -= 1;
              hadrons_to_add--;
              W -= pdg->Find(kPdgKP)->Mass();
           }
           else if(maxQ == 0) {
              LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K0";
              pdgc->push_back( kPdgK0 );

              // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
              hadrons_to_add--;
              W -= pdg->Find(kPdgK0)->Mass();
           }
        }

        //only two particles left to balance charge
        else if(multiplicity == 3 && maxQ == 2) {
           LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K+";
           pdgc->push_back( kPdgKP );

           // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
           maxQ -= 1;
           hadrons_to_add--;
           W -= pdg->Find(kPdgKP)->Mass();
        }
        else if(multiplicity == 3 && maxQ == -1) { //adding K+ makes it impossible to balance charge
           LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K0";
           pdgc->push_back( kPdgK0 );

           // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
           hadrons_to_add--;
           W -= pdg->Find(kPdgK0)->Mass();
        }

        //simply conserve strangeness, without regard to charge
        else {
           double y = rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
           if(y < 0.5) {
              LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) <<" -> Adding a K+";
              pdgc->push_back( kPdgKP );

              // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
              maxQ -= 1;
              hadrons_to_add--;
              W -= pdg->Find(kPdgKP)->Mass();
           }
           else {
              LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) <<" -> Adding a K0";
              pdgc->push_back( kPdgK0 );

              // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
              hadrons_to_add--;
              W -= pdg->Find(kPdgK0)->Mass();
           }
        }
  }//if the baryon is strange

  // Handle charge imbalance
  while(maxQ != 0) {

     if (maxQ < 0) {
        // Need more negative charge
        LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Need more negative charge -> Adding a pi-";
        pdgc->push_back( kPdgPiM );

        // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
        maxQ += 1;
        hadrons_to_add--;

        W -= pdg->Find(kPdgPiM)->Mass();

     } else if (maxQ > 0) {
        // Need more positive charge
        LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "Need more positive charge -> Adding a pi+";
        pdgc->push_back( kPdgPiP );

        // update n-of-hadrons to add, avail. shower charge & invariant mass
        maxQ -= 1;
        hadrons_to_add--;

        W -= pdg->Find(kPdgPiP)->Mass();
     }
  }

  // Add remaining neutrals or pairs up to the generated multiplicity
  if(maxQ == 0) {

     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
       << "Hadronic charge balanced. Now adding only neutrals or +- pairs";

     // Final state has correct charge.
     // Now add pi0 or pairs (pi0 pi0 / pi+ pi- / K+ K- / K0 K0bar) only

     // Masses of particle pairs
     double M2pi0 = 2 * pdg -> Find (kPdgPi0) -> Mass();
     double M2pic =     pdg -> Find (kPdgPiP) -> Mass() +
                        pdg -> Find (kPdgPiM) -> Mass();
     double M2Kc  =     pdg -> Find (kPdgKP ) -> Mass() +
                        pdg -> Find (kPdgKM ) -> Mass();
     double M2K0  = 2 * pdg -> Find (kPdgK0 ) -> Mass();
     double M2Eta = 2 * pdg -> Find (kPdgEta) -> Mass();
     double Mpi0eta =   pdg -> Find (kPdgPi0) -> Mass() +
                        pdg -> Find (kPdgEta) -> Mass();

     // Prevent multiplicity overflow.
     // Check if we have an odd number of hadrons to add.
     // If yes, add a single pi0 and then go on and add pairs

     if( hadrons_to_add > 0 && hadrons_to_add % 2 == 1 ) {

        LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
                  << "Odd number of hadrons left to add -> Adding a pi0";
        pdgc->push_back( kPdgPi0 );

        // update n-of-hadrons to add & available invariant mass
        hadrons_to_add--;
        W -= pdg->Find(kPdgPi0)->Mass();
     }

     // Now add pairs (pi0 pi0 / pi+ pi- / K+ K- / K0 K0bar)
     assert( hadrons_to_add % 2 == 0 ); // even number
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
       <<" hadrons_to_add = "<<hadrons_to_add<<" W= "<<W<<" M2pi0 = "<<M2pi0<<"  M2pic = "<<M2pic<<"  M2Kc = "<<M2Kc<<"  M2K0= "<<M2K0<<" M2Eta= "<<M2Eta;

     while(hadrons_to_add > 0 && W >= M2pi0) {

         double x = rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
         LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << "rndm = " << x;
         // Add a pi0 pair
         if (x >= 0 && x < fPpi0) {
            LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a pi0pi0 pair";
            pdgc->push_back( kPdgPi0 );
            pdgc->push_back( kPdgPi0 );
            hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
            W -= M2pi0; // update the available invariant mass
         }

         // Add a pi+ pi- pair
         else if (x < fPpi0 + fPpic) {
            if(W >= M2pic) {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a pi+pi- pair";
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgPiP );
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgPiM );
                hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
                W -= M2pic; // update the available invariant mass
            } else {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
                  << "Not enough mass for a pi+pi-: trying something else";
            }
         }

         // Add a K+ K- pair
         else if (x < fPpi0 + fPpic + fPKc) {
            if(W >= M2Kc) {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K+K- pair";
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgKP );
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgKM );
                hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
                W -= M2Kc; // update the available invariant mass
            } else {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
                     << "Not enough mass for a K+K-: trying something else";
            }
         }

         // Add a K0 - \bar{K0} pair
         else if (x <= fPpi0 + fPpic + fPKc + fPK0) {
            if( W >= M2K0 ) {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a K0 K0bar pair";
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgK0     );
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgAntiK0 );
                hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
                W -= M2K0; // update the available invariant mass
            } else {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
                 << "Not enough mass for a K0 K0bar: trying something else";
            }
         }

         // Add a Pi0-Eta pair
         else if (x <= fPpi0 + fPpic + fPKc + fPK0 + fPpi0eta) {
            if( W >= Mpi0eta ) {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a Pi0-Eta pair";
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgPi0 );
                pdgc->push_back( kPdgEta );
                hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
                W -= Mpi0eta; // update the available invariant mass
            } else {
                LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
                 << "Not enough mass for a Pi0-Eta pair: trying something else";
            }
         }

         //Add a Eta pair
         else if(x <= fPpi0 + fPpic + fPKc + fPK0 + fPpi0eta + fPeta) {
           if( W >= M2Eta ){
             LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a eta-eta pair";
             pdgc->push_back( kPdgEta );
             pdgc->push_back( kPdgEta );
             hadrons_to_add -= 2; // update the number of hadrons to add
             W -= M2Eta; // update the available invariant mass
           }  else {
             LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG)
               << "Not enough mass for a Eta-Eta pair: trying something else";
           }

         } else {
           LOG("KNOHad", pERROR)
             << "Hadron Assignment Probabilities do not add up to 1!!";
           exit(1);
         }

         // make sure it has enough invariant mass to reach the
         // given multiplicity, even by adding only the lightest
         // hadron pairs (pi0's)
         // Otherwise force a lower multiplicity.
         if(W < M2pi0) hadrons_to_add = 0;

     } // while there are more hadrons to add
  } // if charge is balanced (maxQ == 0)

  return pdgc;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
int KNOHadronization::GenerateBaryonPdgCode(
                 int multiplicity, int maxQ, double W) const
{
// Selection of main target fragment (identical as in NeuGEN).
// Assign baryon as p or n. Force it for ++ and - I=3/2 at mult. = 2

  RandomGen * rnd = RandomGen::Instance();
  double x = rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();
  double y = rnd->RndHadro().Rndm();

  // initialize to neutron & then change it to proton if you must
  int pdgc = kPdgNeutron;

  // Assign a probability for the given W for the baryon to become strange
  // using a function derived from a fit to the data in Jones et al. (1993)
  // Don't let the probability be larger than 1.
  double Pstr = fAhyperon + fBhyperon * TMath::Log(W*W);
  Pstr = TMath::Min(1.,Pstr);
  Pstr = TMath::Max(0.,Pstr);

  // Available hadronic system charge = 2
  if(maxQ == 2) {
     //for multiplicity ==2, force it to p
     if(multiplicity ==2 ) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     else {
       if(x < 0.66667) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     }
  }
  // Available hadronic system charge = 1
  if(maxQ == 1) {
     if(multiplicity == 2) {
        if(x < 0.33333) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     } else {
        if(x < 0.50000) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     }
  }

  // Available hadronic system charge = 0
  if(maxQ == 0) {
     if(multiplicity == 2) {
        if(x < 0.66667) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     } else {
        if(x < 0.50000) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     }
  }
  // Available hadronic system charge = -1
  if(maxQ == -1) {
     // for multiplicity == 2, force it to n
     if(multiplicity != 2) {
        if(x < 0.33333) pdgc = kPdgProton;
     }
  }

  // For neutrino interactions turn protons and neutrons to Sigma+ and
  // Lambda respectively (Lambda and Sigma- respectively for anti-neutrino
  // interactions).
  if(pdgc == kPdgProton && y < Pstr && maxQ > 0) {
     pdgc = kPdgSigmaP;
  }
  else if(pdgc == kPdgProton && y < Pstr && maxQ <= 0) {
     pdgc = kPdgLambda;
  }
  else if(pdgc == kPdgNeutron && y < Pstr && maxQ > 0) {
     pdgc = kPdgLambda;
  }
  else if(pdgc == kPdgNeutron && y < Pstr && maxQ <= 0) {
     pdgc = kPdgSigmaM;
  }

  if(pdgc == kPdgProton)
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a proton";
  if(pdgc == kPdgNeutron)
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a neutron";
  if(pdgc == kPdgSigmaP)
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a sigma+";
  if(pdgc == kPdgLambda)
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a lambda";
  if(pdgc == kPdgSigmaM)
     LOG("KNOHad", pDEBUG) << " -> Adding a sigma-";

  return pdgc;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::HandleDecays(TClonesArray * /*plist*/) const
{
// Handle decays of unstable particles if requested through the XML config.
// The default is not to decay the particles at this stage (during event
// generation, the UnstableParticleDecayer event record visitor decays what
// is needed to be decayed later on). But, when comparing various models
// (eg PYTHIA vs KNO) independently and not within the full MC simulation
// framework it might be necessary to force the decays at this point.

  // if (fForceDecays) {
  //    assert(fDecayer);
  //
  //    //-- loop through the fragmentation event record & decay unstables
  //    int idecaying   = -1; // position of decaying particle
  //    GHepParticle * p =  0; // current particle
  //
  //    TIter piter(plist);
  //    while ( (p = (GHepParticle *) piter.Next()) ) {
  //
  //       idecaying++;
  //       int status = p->Status();
  //
  //       // bother for final state particle only
  //       if(status < 10) {
  //
  //         // until ROOT's T(MC)Particle(PDG) Lifetime() is fixed, decay only
  //         // pi^0's
  //         if ( p->Pdg() == kPdgPi0 ) {
  //
  //              DecayerInputs_t dinp;
  //
  //              TLorentzVector p4;
  //              p4.SetPxPyPzE(p->Px(), p->Py(), p->Pz(), p->Energy());
  //
  //              dinp.PdgCode = p->Pdg();
  //              dinp.P4      = &p4;
  //
  //              TClonesArray * decay_products = fDecayer->Decay(dinp);
  //
  //              if(decay_products) {
  //                 //--  mark the parent particle as decayed & set daughters
  //                 p->SetStatus(kIStNucleonTarget);
  //
  //                 int nfp = plist->GetEntries();          // n. fragm. products
  //                 int ndp = decay_products->GetEntries(); // n. decay products
  //
  //                 p->SetFirstDaughter ( nfp );          // decay products added at
  //                 p->SetLastDaughter  ( nfp + ndp -1 ); // the end of the fragm.rec.
  //
  //                 //--  add decay products to the fragmentation record
  //                 GHepParticle * dp = 0;
  //                 TIter dpiter(decay_products);
  //
  //                 while ( (dp = (GHepParticle *) dpiter.Next()) ) {
  //
  //                    dp->SetFirstMother(idecaying);
  //                    new ( (*plist)[plist->GetEntries()] ) GHepParticle(*dp);
  //                 }
  //
  //                 //-- clean up decay products
  //                 decay_products->Delete();
  //                 delete decay_products;
  //              }
  //
  //         } // particle is to be decayed
  //       } // KS < 10 : final state particle (as in PYTHIA LUJETS record)
  //    } // particles in fragmentation record
  // } // force decay
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
bool KNOHadronization::AssertValidity(const Interaction * interaction) const
{
  if(interaction->ExclTag().IsCharmEvent()) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Can't hadronize charm events";
     return false;
  }
  double W = utils::kinematics::W(interaction);
  if(W < this->Wmin()) {
     LOG("KNOHad", pWARN) << "Low invariant mass, W = " << W << " GeV!!";
     return false;
  }
  return true;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::MaxMult(const Interaction * interaction) const
{
  double W = interaction->Kine().W();

  double maxmult = TMath::Floor(1 + (W-kNeutronMass)/kPionMass);
  return maxmult;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
TH1D * KNOHadronization::CreateMultProbHist(double maxmult) const
{
  double minmult = 2;
  int    nbins   = TMath::Nint(maxmult-minmult+1);

  TH1D * mult_prob = new TH1D("mult_prob",
                              "hadronic multiplicity distribution", nbins, minmult-0.5, maxmult+0.5);
  mult_prob->SetDirectory(0);

  return mult_prob;
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
void KNOHadronization::ApplyRijk( const Interaction * interaction, 
                                  bool norm, TH1D * mp ) const
{
  // Apply the NEUGEN multiplicity probability scaling factors
  //
  if(!mp) return;

  const InitialState & init_state = interaction->InitState();
  int probe_pdg = init_state.ProbePdg();
  int nuc_pdg   = init_state.Tgt().HitNucPdg();

  const ProcessInfo & proc_info = interaction->ProcInfo();
  bool is_CC = proc_info.IsWeakCC();
  bool is_NC = proc_info.IsWeakNC();
  bool is_EM = proc_info.IsEM();
  // EDIT
  bool is_dm = proc_info.IsDarkMatter();

  //
  // get the R2, R3 factors
  //

  double R2=1., R3=1.;

  // weak CC or NC case
  // EDIT
  if(is_CC || is_NC || is_dm) {
    bool is_nu    = pdg::IsNeutrino     (probe_pdg);
    bool is_nubar = pdg::IsAntiNeutrino (probe_pdg);
    bool is_p     = pdg::IsProton       (nuc_pdg);
    bool is_n     = pdg::IsNeutron      (nuc_pdg);
    bool is_dmi   = pdg::IsDarkMatter   (probe_pdg);  // EDIT
    if((is_nu && is_p) || (is_dmi && is_p))  {
      R2 = (is_CC) ? fRvpCCm2 : fRvpNCm2;
      R3 = (is_CC) ? fRvpCCm3 : fRvpNCm3;
    } else
      if((is_nu && is_n) || (is_dmi && is_n)) {
        R2 = (is_CC) ? fRvnCCm2 : fRvnNCm2;
        R3 = (is_CC) ? fRvnCCm3 : fRvnNCm3;
      } else
        if(is_nubar && is_p)  {
          R2 = (is_CC) ? fRvbpCCm2 :   fRvbpNCm2;
          R3 = (is_CC) ? fRvbpCCm3 :   fRvbpNCm3;
        } else
          if(is_nubar && is_n) {
            R2 = (is_CC) ? fRvbnCCm2 : fRvbnNCm2;
            R3 = (is_CC) ? fRvbnCCm3 : fRvbnNCm3;
          } else {
            LOG("Hadronization", pERROR)
              << "Invalid initial state: " << init_state;
          }
  }//cc||nc?

  // EM case (apply the NC tuning factors)

  if(is_EM) {
    bool is_l     = pdg::IsNegChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
    bool is_lbar  = pdg::IsPosChargedLepton (probe_pdg);
    bool is_p     = pdg::IsProton           (nuc_pdg);
    bool is_n     = pdg::IsNeutron          (nuc_pdg);
    if(is_l && is_p)  {
      R2 = fRvpNCm2;
      R3 = fRvpNCm3;
    } else
      if(is_l && is_n) {
        R2 = fRvnNCm2;
        R3 = fRvnNCm3;
      } else
        if(is_lbar && is_p)  {
          R2 = fRvbpNCm2;
          R3 = fRvbpNCm3;
        } else
          if(is_lbar && is_n) {
            R2 = fRvbnNCm2;
            R3 = fRvbnNCm3;
          } else {
            LOG("Hadronization", pERROR)
              << "Invalid initial state: " << init_state;
          }
  }//em?

  //
  // Apply to the multiplicity probability distribution
  //

  int nbins = mp->GetNbinsX();
  for(int i = 1; i <= nbins; i++) {
    int n = TMath::Nint( mp->GetBinCenter(i) );

    double R=1;
    if      (n==2) R=R2;
    else if (n==3) R=R3;

    if(n==2 || n==3) {
      double P   = mp->GetBinContent(i);
      double Psc = R*P;
      LOG("Hadronization", pDEBUG)
        << "n=" << n << "/ Scaling factor R = "
        << R << "/ P " << P << " --> " << Psc;
      mp->SetBinContent(i, Psc);
    }
    if(n>3) break;
  }

  // renormalize the histogram?
  if(norm) {
    double histo_norm = mp->Integral("width");
    if(histo_norm>0) mp->Scale(1.0/histo_norm);
  }
}
//____________________________________________________________________________
double KNOHadronization::Wmin(void) const
{
  return (kNucleonMass+kPionMass);
}
//____________________________________________________________________________